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Induced Variability of Tomato Seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum) by Gamma Irradiation and Early Detection of Tomato Variants Resistance to Anthracnose
Abstract
Gamma irradiation (GI) is an effective tool used in mutation breeding programs for improving various characteristics in horticultural plants, including obtaining tomato cultivars resistant to diseases. The study aims to improve various characteristics in tomato plants, particularly in enhancing resistance to anthracnose disease, through physical mutagenesis using GI. Tomato seed cultivar Timothy F1 was exposed to different doses of GI at 50 to 120 Gy, with un-irradiated seed used as a control. The effect of GI on tomato seeds involves aspects of viability, vigor testing, and the resulting phenotypic changes. Viability and Vigor testing of gamma irradiated seeds showed that germination potential ranged from 46-84%, maximum growth potential ranged from 78-94%, germination vigor index ranged from 40-80%, and seed emergence uniformity ranged from 62-82%. Analysis of the lethal dose for tomato seeds was determined to be 132.49 Gy. GI at 60-120 Gy significantly affects plant characteristics, including lower plant height, reduced number of leaves, narrower leaf width, and phenotypically longer leaves compared to the control plants. Most irradiated seeds showed susceptibility to Colletotrichum sp., with disease incidence ranging from 90-100% and disease severity index (DSI) ranging from 32.5-70.0%. However, the 70 Gy-irradiated tomato plant exhibited enhanced resistance to anthracnose disease, with the lowest DSI among the treatments. Identified tomato variants showing potential resistance to anthracnose will be further evaluated in a greenhouse to confirm their resistance.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.036.02.1047
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