Assessing In Vivo Biological control Activity of Trichoderma Harzianum Against Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Lycopersici Causing Vascular Wilt Disease in Tomatoes

Abstract

Tomato vascular wilt disease, caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is a major challenge for tomato production, leading to significant crop losses and economic impact. Biological control using isolates of Trichoderma harzianum has emerged as a promising alternative to chemical fungicides, offering an environmentally friendly approach to disease management. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of seed coating with T. harzianum isolates in controlling F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomatoes. Tomato seeds were coated with T. harzianum two weeks prior to inoculation with the pathogen in a controlled greenhouse environment. Disease incidence, plant growth, and flowering were monitored to assess the efficacy of the treatment. The results demonstrated that seed coating with T. harzianum effectively controlled the pathogen, leading to a marked reduction in disease incidence (index = 1.6). Additionally, treated plants showed enhanced growth factors, including improved germination and flowering. This study confirms the potential of T. harzianum as a biological control agent, particularly when applied before pathogen inoculation. The significance of this research lies in its potential to improve tomato yields and reduce economic losses due to vascular wilt disease. By providing an alternative to chemical fungicides, this method offers environmental and public health benefits while supporting sustainable agricultural practices.