POTENTIAL RISK TO MANGO ORCHARDS: MANGO SUDDEN DECLINE CAUSED BY CERATOCYSTIS FIMBRIATA

Abstract

This review addresses one of the most emerging threats to Mango (Mangifera indica L.) production known as the Mango Sudden Decline (MSD), also referred as Mango Quick Wilt. Manifestation records of MSD/ Mango Quick Wilt have been reported from major Mango growing countries like Brazil, Oman and Pakistan where the disease is presently known to occur in mango. Fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata from family filamentous Ascomycetes vectored by Hypocryphalus mangiferae (Stebbing) bark beetle is the main cause of the disease (MSD) in Pakistan and other Mango growing regions as well. Different type of symptoms for MSD have been reported like gummosis, canker formation, bark splitting, drying of twigs, branches and curling of leaves. Hemicriconemoides mangiferae nematode has also been reported as a vector of this MSD causing fungus. This species of Ceratocystis that roots the disease on mango was first reported in Brazil after that in Oman and Pakistan. Currently, different mating types of the causative agent have also been reported making this problem a significant one. Applications of different doses of nutrients have been reported in reduction of MSD. But there is need to apply knowledge and management strategies with particular emphasis to overcome MSD causes and vectors.