Email this article 
Hide
Show all
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE TOXICITY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF SOME MARINE ALGAE AGAINST ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE (MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA)
Abstract
Ten marine algal extracts (MAE) viz. Amphiroa sp., Caulerpa racemosa, Dictyota sp., Halimeda discoidea, Jania sp., Laurencia obtusa, Padina pavonia, Sargassum latifolium, Sargassum polycystum, and Hormophysa cuneiformis; obtained by three solvents (water, methanol, and ethanol) were evaluated for their nematotoxicity against root-knot nematode (RKN) in vitro. Freshly hatched larvae of Meloidogyne incognita were exposed to these extracts. results revealed that; all examined MAE possessed nematotoxic properties with varing degrees. The highest mortality percentage (100 %) was detected in L. obtusa, Halimeda discoidea, and Padina pavonia, followed by Amphiroa sp. which recorded 95.00% mortality and not significantly different from Sargassum polycystum, and Dictyota sp. (89.00 and 89.30 %, respectively). Generally, methanol extract followed by ethanol was better than water regarding their nematicidal potential. Water was the less effective solvent to release anti-nematodal compounds from these studied algae, with the exception of Laurencia obtuse that able to kill 70.00 % of subjected juveniles. Preliminary phytochemical screening on all studied algal extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates and/or glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids and/triterpenoids, sublimable substances, saponins, alkaloids and/or nitrogenous bases, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, chlorides, sulphates, and iridoids in all samples. In this regard, results of preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the richest extracts with these studied phytochemicals are belonging to methanolic extracts of these algae. The nematicidal action was related to the phytochemical structures of various marine algae and the extracting solvent. Phytochemical contents are positively correlated with antinematodal activity. These results offer promised bio-nematicide for combating phytonematodes by utilizing untapped marine algae. Evaluation of tested MAE under in vivo conditions will perform in the future to estimate their nematode-suppression, proper mode of application, and the significant dose. Future researches will focus on the preparation of some formulations for field application as biocides and growth promoters.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abbasi, W. M., N. Ahmed, N. Zaki and S. S. Shaukat. 2008. Effect of Barleria acanthoides Vahl. on root-knot nematode infection & growth of infected okra & brinjal plants. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40: 2193-2198.
Abid, M., V. Sultana, M. J. Zaik and M. A. Maqbool. 1997. Nematicidal properties of Stoechospermum marginatum, a seaweed. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology. 9: 143-147.
Abid, M., M. J. Zaik, M. Q. Khan and M. A. Maqbool and A. Sattar. 2005. Use of marine algae for the management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in okra and tomato plants). International Journal of Phycology and Phycochemistry, 1: 187-192.
Afia, A. I. and A. S. M. El-Nuby. 2016. Seaweeds as A Managing Approach For Root-Knot Nematode Disease. Egyptian Journal of Agronematology, 15: 95-108.
Afia, A. I. and A. S. M. El-Nuby. 2020. Soybean genotypes response to root-gall nematode. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 38(2): 130-138.
Afifi, M. 1972. Pharmacological studies on some genera of Polygonaceae and Cucurbitaceae grown in Egypt. Ph.D. Thesis, Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt: 68.
Alam, E. A. 2019. Natural Phytochemical Products and Our Life (Herbal Medicine from the Land to the Hand), Osiris Publisher, Cairo, Egypt.
Alam, E. A. and A. S. M. El-Nuby. 2019. Phytochemical and antinematodal screening on water extracts of some plant wastes against Meloidogyne incognita. International Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical sciences., 10:1-16.
Ara, J., S. Ehteshamul-Haque, V. Sultana, A. Ghaffar and R. Qasim 1997. Use of Sargassum species for the control of Meloidogye javanica in Okra. Nematologia Mediterranea, 25: 125-128.
Ara, J., Ehteshamul-Haque S., V. Sultana, R. Qasim and A. Ghaffar. 1996. Nematicidal activity of seaweeds against Meloidogyne javanica root knot nematode. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 14: 129-131
Arunkumar, K., S. R. Sivakumar and R. Rengasamy. 2010. Reiew on Bioactive Potential in Seaweeds (Marine Macroalgae): A Special Emphasis on Bioactivity of Seaweeds Against Plant Pathogens. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 9:227-240.
Atolani O. and O. A. Fabiyi. 2020. Plant Parasitic Nematodes Management Through Natural Products: Current Progress and Challenges. In: Ansari R., Rizvi R., Mahmood I. (eds) Management of Phytonematodes: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Springer, Singapore. doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4087-5_13
Balbaa, S. I., H. H. Sayed and Ashgan Y. Z. 1981. Medicinal plant constituent, General organization for university and school books,3rd ed. pp:190-255.
Bebber, D. P., T. Holmes, and S. J. Gurr. 2014. The global spread of crop pests and pathogens. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23:1398-407
Chtourou, H., I. Dahmen, A. Jebali, F.Karray, I. Hassairi, S. Abdelkafi, H. Ayadi, S. Sayadi, A. Dhouib. 2015. Characterization of Amphora sp., a newly isolated diatom wild strain, potentially usable for biodiesel production. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 38:1381-1392.
Claus, E. P. (1967): Pharmacognosy, Henery Krimpton, London, 5 th ed.: 168.
Duncan's, D.B. (1955). Multiple ranged multiple F-test- Biometrics, 11:1- 47.
El-Ansarya, M. S. M. and R. A. Hamouda. 2014. Biocontrol of Root-Knot Nematode Infected Banana Plants by Some Marine Algae. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 40:140-146
El-Eslamboly, A. A. S. A., M.M. Abd El-Wanis and A.W. Amin. 2019. Algal application as a biological control method of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on cucumber under protected culture conditions and its impact on yield and fruit quality. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 29:18.
El-Nuby, A. S. M. 2014. Evaluation of some Resistance Inducers Against the root-knot nematode. PhD Thesis, Fac. of Agri., Cairo Univ., pp 297.
El-Nuby, A. S. M. 2021. Effect of some Amino Acids and Yeast on Root-knot Disease on Tomato Plants Egyptian journalof Agronematology, 20: 17-33.
El-Nuby, A.S.M. and E. A. Alam 2020. Phytochemical and Nematicidal Activity Studies of Some Extracts of Different Plant Parts of Leucaena leucocephala against Meloidogyne incognita International Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical sciences, 11:1-17.
El-Nuby, A. S. M. and K. E. M. Bayomi. 2019. Evaluation of tomato inbred lines for resistance to root-gall nematode Egyptian Journal of Desert Research, 69, Special Issue, 33-46. The 1st Conference of Plant Prot. Sci. Appl. Sust. Develop. Desert Areas “Effect of Climate Change on Plant Pests and Biodiversity in Desert Environment” 19-20 October, 2019, Cairo-Egypt.
El-Nuby, A. S. M., S. A. Montasser and I. A. El-Khadrawy. 2020. Control of root-knot nematodes using wild plants colonized Sinai, Egypt. Pakistan Journal of Nematolology, 38: 67-80.
Farnsworth, N. R., H. H. Fong, R. N. Blomster and F.G. Draus. 1969. Studies on Vinca major (Apocyaceae). Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 51: 217-224.
Feigl, F. 1960. Spot tests in organic analysis. Elsevier Publishing Co, New York, 6th ed.,: 2959.
Forghani, F. and A. Hajihassani. 2020. Recent Advances in the Development of Environmentally Benign Treatments to Control Root-Knot Nematodes. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11.
Ghareeb, R. Y., I. A. Adss, S. R. Bayoumi and D. E. El-Habashy. 2019. The nematicidal potentiality of some algal extracts and their role in enhancement the tomato defense genes against root knot- nematodes. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2):53.
Ghareeb, R. Y., H. Alfy, A. A. Fahmy, H. M. Ali and N. R. Abdelsalam. 2020. Utilization of Cladophora glomerata extract nanoparticles as eco nematicide and enhancing the defense responses of tomato plants infected by Meloidogyne javanica. Scientifc Reports, 10:19968
Hamed, S. M., A. A. Abd El-Rhman, N. Abdel-Raouf, I. B. M. Ibraheem. 2018. Role of marine macroalgae in plant protection & improvement for sustainable agriculture technology. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7: 104-110
Hassan, S. W. M. and A. H. Shobier. 2018. GC/MS identification and applications of bioactive seaweed extracts from Mediterranean coast of Egypt, Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 22:1- 21.
Hungund, B. L. and C. H. Pathak,: USDA forest, 1971. Service Research Paper, NE: 201.
Ibrahim, D. S. S., R. Y. Ghareeb, Abou El Atta D. A. and H. A. A. Azouz. 2021. Nematicidal Properties of Methanolic Extracts of Two Marine Algae against Tomato Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 12: 137-144.
Islam, A. M., E. A. Hassan and I. B. Hannout.1993. Manual of Practical Chemistry, Dar AlMaaref, Egypt, 2nd ed. pp. 19-39.
Jones, J. T., A. Haegeman, E. G. J. Danchin, H. S. Gaur, J. Helder, M. G. K. Jones, T. Kikuchi, R. ManzanillaLópez, J. E. Palomares-Rius, W. M. L. Wesemael and R. N. Perry. 2013. Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology 14: 946-61.
Karthick, N., P.V. Kumar and S. Umamaheswari. 2014. In vitro Nematicidal activity of different seaweed extracts against meloidogyne javanica (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae). International Journal of Development Research, 4:1841-1843.
Mabry, T. T., K. R. Markhan and M. B. Thomas. 1970. The systemic identification of flavonoids. Springer, Verlag, New York, pp. 46-54.
Mesa-Valle, C. M., J. A. Garrido-Cardenas, J. Cebrian-Carmona, M. Talavera and F. Manzano-Agugliaro. 2020. Global Research on Plant Nematodes, Agronomy, 10: 1148
Mouritsen, O. G. 2020. Marine macroalgae benefit people culturally, industrially, nutritionally, and ecologically, in issue of American scientist 101 (6): 458, Article available on site: https://www.americanscientist.org/article/the-science-of-seaweed
Paracer, S., A. Tarjan and L. M. Hodgson. 1987. Effective Use of Marine Algal Products in the Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Journal of Nematology, 19:194-200.
Paul, S., N. Devi and G. C. Sarma 2013. Ethnobotanical utilization of some medicinal plants by Bodo people of Manas biosphere reserve in the treatment of malaria. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 4:102-105.
Prarthana, J. and K. R. Maruthi. 2019. Fresh Water Algae as a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds for Aquaculture and Significance of Solvent System in Extraction of Antimicrobials. Asian Journal of Scientific Research, 12: 18-28.
Radwan, M. A., S. A. A. Farrag, M. M. Abu-Elamayem and N. S. Ahmed. 2012. Biological control of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato using bioproducts of microbial origin. Applied Soil Ecology, 56: 58-62.
Rajkumar, G. and P. S. Bhavan. 2017. Phytochemical characterization of themarine brown alga Turbinaria ornata. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 21: 54-63
Rashad, S. and A. G. El-Chaghaby. 2020. Marine Algae in Egypt: distribution, phytochemical composition and biological uses as bioactive resources (a review). Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 24: 147-160.
Renčo, M., N.Sasanelli and L. Maistrello. 2014. Plants as natural sources of nematicides, In book: Nematodes: Comparative genomics, Disease management and Ecological importance. Nova Science Publishers, Inc, New York, pp. 115-142.
Rizvi, M.A. and M. Shameel. 2006. In vitro nematicidal activities of seaweeds extracts from Karachi coast. Pakistan Journal of Botany., 38: 1245-1248.
Sharma, A., R. Koneri and D. K. Jha. 2019. Review of pharmacological activity of marine algae in Indian coast. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10: 3540-3549.
Shellard, E. J. 1957. Practical plant chemistry. Pitman, Medicinal publishing Co., LTD, London, pp 53-54.
Shreya, A., D. Manisha, and J. Sonal. 2015. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of cinnamon spice against urinary tract infection and fungal pathogens. International Journal of Life science and Pharma Research, 5: 30-38.
Stank, J., M. Cerny, J. Kocoursk and J. Pacok. 1963. The monosaccharides, Publishing House of the Czechosolovak, Academy of Sciences, Prague. pp. 22-100.
Sultana, V., J. Ara, and S. Ehteshamul-Haque. 2008. Suppression of Root Rotting Fungi and Root Knot Nematode of Chili by Seaweed and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Jornal of Phytopathology, 156: 390-395.
Sultana, V., S. Ehteshamul-Haque, J. Ara and M. Athar. 2009. Effect of brown seaweeds and pesticides on root rotting fungi and root-knot nematode infecting tomato roots. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality. 83:50-53.
Trease, G. T. and W. C. Evans. 1978. Text book of Pharmacognsy 1978, Bailliere Tindall and Cox, London , 11th Ed. pp. 536-537.
van den Hoogen, J., S. Geisen, D. Routh, H. Ferris, W. Traunspurger, D.A. Wardle, et al. 2019. Soil nematode abundance and functional group composition at a global scale. Nature, 572: 194-198.
Weiffering, J. H. 1966. Aucubin artigeglucoside und verwandte heteroside als systematische merkmale. Phytochemistry, 5: 1053.
Whapham, C. A., T. Jenkins, G. Blunden and S. D. Hankins. 1994. The role of seaweed extracts Ascophyllum nodosum in the reduction in fecundity of Meloidogyne javanica. Fundamental & Applied Nematology,17: 181-183.
Zaki, M. J., A. Sattar, and M. Q. Khan. 2005. Effect of seaweeds on the efficacy of Pasteuria penetrans in the control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica in eggplant. International Journal of Phycology and Phycochemistry, 1: 65-72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.033.01.0676
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Eman Abdel-Samiaa Alam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
 |  |  | ||
| Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology ISSN: 1019-763X (Print), 2305-0284 (Online). © 2013 Pak. J. Phytopathol. All rights reserved. | ||||