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ANTIFUNGAL EFFICACY OF PIPER BETLE L. AND AZADIRACTHA INDICA A. Juss LEAVES EXTRACT IN CONTROLLING DAMPING-OFF DISEASES IN GROUNDNUT
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the inhibitory potential of betel and neem leaf extracts against the growth of the Sclerotium rolfsii, which causes damping-off disease in groundnut plants. The research employed both in vitro and in vivo methods to determine the antifungal activity of the extracts. The isolation of the pathogen inoculum was done from the base stem of the infected groundnut plants by S. rolfsii in the field. The betel and neem leaves were dried at a controlled temperature of 40°C for 7 days, ground, and then immersed in 96% ethanol for 48 hours. The resulting extracts were tested for their inhibitory potential against S. rolfsii in vitro by admixing them with PDA media, inoculating with S. rolfsii, and measuring colony diameters. The study found that the colony diameter of S. rolfsii was significantly influenced by the use of betel leaf extract, neem leaf extract, and a mixture of both extracts at a concentration of 1.5% (v/v). The widest colony diameter was observed in the control treatment on day 5, measuring 7.47 cm. In contrast, the colony diameter of S. rolfsii in the treatment with betel leaf extract, neem leaf extract, and a mixture of both extracts on day 5 was 5.58 cm, 4.35 cm, and 1.41 cm, respectively. The addition of each extract to the parameters of colony diameter and inhibition percentage was capable of inhibiting the growth of S. rolfsii, with the betel-neem extract treatment exhibiting the highest inhibition percentage of 81.09%. In the in vivo suppression test, the study found that treating groundnut seeds with a 1.5% concentration of betel leaf and neem leaf extracts, as well as a combination of both extracts, significantly reduced the incidence of damping-off disease. The betel-neem extract treatment produced the lowest disease incidence and exhibited the highest percentage of pre-emergence in groundnut seeds. Overall, the study provides evidence that betel and neem leaf extracts have antifungal activity against S. rolfsii and could be used as a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling damping-off disease in groundnut.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.035.01.0878
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