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NEMATICIDAL EFFECTS OF THE NUMBER OF DRIED CASTOR LEAF PRODUCT APPLICATIONS ON THE PATHOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF ROOT-KNOT AND ROOT-LESION NEMATODES ON WATER YAM
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the effects of the number of dried castor leaf product applications on the population dynamics and pathological activities of root-knot and root-lesion nematodes on water yam. One application of castor leaf products resulted in an increase in symptom development and nematode numbers three months after yam seed planting. This resurgence of nematodes may be due to the depletion of castor leaf products incorporated into the soil. In view of this concern, it was required to investigate the effects of the number of dried castor leaf product applications on water yam nematodes. Trials were run in the 2015 and 2016 crop seasons in the Autonomous District of Yamoussoukro in Côte d'Ivoire. Castor leaf powder, castor leaf extract, and carbofuran were applied on the tops of mounds before yam seed planting, as well as the 3rd and 6th months following yam seed planting, using a complete random block design with three replicates. The prevalence and severity index of symptoms, nematode numbers, and yam yield were determined depending on the treatments. The harvested yam tubers showed symptoms such as galls, cracks and dry rot upon observation. All products reduced the development of symptoms on tubers after several applications. From one to three applications of the products, the symptom prevalence and severity index decreased from 10.86 to 0% and 9.83 to 0%, respectively. The products reduced the nematode numbers by 22.22% to 96.15% when applied one to three times. Plants cultivated on soils incorporated with castor leaf powder and extract three times showed a yield increase of 4.15 and 1.82 t/ha, respectively. Castor leaf powder, applied three times, is an excellent yam nematode management tool.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.035.02.0911
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