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EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF PAECILOMYCES LILACINUS AND TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS AGAINST ALTERNARIA SOLANI CAUSING EARLY BLIGHT DISEASE OF EGGPLANT
Abstract
Alternaria solani responsible for early blight of eggplant is a worldwide spread notably in Iraq. The use of biological control agents represents the best alternative and eco-friendly approach. Two soil-borne fungal (Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma harzianum) were tested in laboratory conditions using the dual confrontation technique at different concentrations of conidia filtrate (10, 20 and 30% conidia/mL) and in vivo as potential bio-agents against A. solani. T. harzianum possessed the highest antifungal potency against A. solani with an inhibition rate above 50% at a concentration of 30% conidia/mL. In greenhouse experiments, both P. lilacinus and T. harzianum treated preventively on eggplant leaves inoculated with A. solani lowered significantly the disease severity index (31.61% and 28.08%, respectively). Obtained results revealed an augmentation of the peroxidase activity (4.84 units/g/mL/min for P. lilacinus; 3.88 units/g/mL/min for T. harzianum) in comparison with positive and negative controls. The effect of these two antagonists is limited not only to the protection of eggplant plants but also to the improvement of their growth by increasing the fresh (27.01% for P. lilacinus and 34.45% for T. harzianum) and dry weights (3.31% for P. lilacinus and 5.90% for T. harzianum) of the above-ground portion. Based on our results, we can conclude that T. harzianum could be recommended for biological control use.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.033.01.0673
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